In China the Internet access will be allowed only after stating the passport data

The China’s National People's Congress will consider the law according to which Internet Users will have to state their passport data to get an access to a wired and mobile Internet connection on this week

However this law caused a fear of straightening the Internet censorship. The access to such popular websites as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr, Live.com, WordPress and Blogge are blocked.

Nevertheless despite prohibitions many Chinese people avoid this blocking with the help special services.

According to the “Reporters without borders”, China is included into a “top ten Internet countries-enemies”. If any Internet-company refuse to cooperate with the government or violate the rule it will be blocked, writes Kursweb.Ru


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Russian Federal Surveillance Service for Mass Media and Communications ( Roscomnadzor) will pay for extremists catching

The Roscomnadzor announced the competition on a conclusion of a monitoring Media contract. Its aim is to reveal, to fix and to give a first expert-analytical estimation of materials containing features of the violation of current law of Russian Federation, extremists materials and another illegal content. It was written by the “Izvestia”.



Such competitions are held annually by the Roscomnadzor since 2009. However a technical issue of this competition started to include new points this year: revealing information injures the health and development of children, Media and Internet monitoring with the help of the automotive programme.

The Russian Federal Surveillance Service for Mass Media and Communications ( Roscomnadzor) will give results of the competition in the end of the January and a contract concluded due to the results of this competition will be in force till December 31, 2013. The maximum contract price is 35 million of rubles. In the last year competition won a state company “Informregister”, the contract cost 12 million of rubles with this company was the only pretender.

The purpose of a work within the contract is a monitoring of the meeting the law requirements by the Media to not allow abusing the freedom of a mass information.

The information that the executor will reveal includes: materials, containing public calls to realize terrorist activity or any information justifying terrorism; content that is calling to violence methods aimed at changes of the foundations of the constitutional system, exciting an ethnic, racial and religious strives. Besides it includes publications about the public and knowingly false accusations of state authorities of extremists actions etc.

One more new task is a systematic monitoring. The winner will monitor nearly 2000 different additions a month, it will include also 40 online versions of certain newspapers.  

Despite, the work includes some points about Media monitoring. This contract does not imply the operator of the Internet resources register that contains the information that injures child, explained Vladimir Pikov, the representative of the Roscomnadzor.

- The register includes not only Media but also the Internet  materials that are not included in the Mass Media Information. At present time we are kipping the register and we do it quite well. The competition does not include the company-register operator, noted Pikov.

Sergey Moiseev, the president of the the Guild of Press Publishers (GIPP) also think that Media monitoring is not something terrible: it is necessary to monitor Media. “ I do not consider monitoring as a censorship”.


The question is “ How the results will be used. Permissiveness and democracy are different things, especially if the matter is about extremism and international relationship”, - said Moiseev.


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Russia and China submitted to UNO an offer to tighten up the Internet control. USA accused Russia in authoritarianism.

Russia, China and a number of other countries have submitted to ITU an offer to tighten up the international Internet control, to deprive American companies of monopoly on IP addresses and domains.

The matter is to allow ONU countries to distribute and remove registered IP addresses and domain names.

At recent time the main Internet regulators are several American non-government organizations, they are IETF, W3C and ICANN.

According to “Vzglyad.ru” the USA and Google in response accused Russia of authoritarianism. Also UK, Canada. Australia and a number of Europe countries are against this initiative. Particularly, Moscow was accused of introduction of censorship. A member of State Duma of Information Policy and Technologies Robert Shlegel explained that Internet Censorship and the Internet and domain delegation governance are different things.

“Disputes about Internet censorship are very funny, because every country has an opportunity to limit Network access by the Parliament or executive power decision. If you, for example offer an Internet service you can block the access to certain resources, and you can a lot of other things, but it doesn’t refer to domain delegation” - he said.

We remind that on December 3 in Dubai on the ITU conference Russia submitted a number of offers according internationalization of Internet, that caused a sharp criticism from USA, EU and Google.

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Internet censorship in Central Asia

It is hard to find a site that will irritates politicians of a Central Asia more than Fergana.ru. Working abroad Fergana reports such themes that local Media is not able. This reports concerns everything from Uzbekistan president corruption system to nationalistic ideas of the lieder of the “ Ata-Jurt” party in Kyrgyzstan and tortures in Tajikistan jails.



Just for this reason the Fergana site is blocked in 4 countries:  Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan. According to the chief editor Diniil Kislov point of view the aim of the government is to block the access to the Internet resource proves that “ Fergana” publishes a truth.

Daniil Kislov tells how Fergana became one of the leading informational resources in Central Asia in the interview with the “ Voice of America”.

Erica Marat: How popular are you in Central Asia, where Fergana is officially prohibited?

Daniil Kislov: Despite the fact that our site is blocked  the audience is big because nowadays due to the Internet options and even if you’re not a specialist it is easy to avoid a site’s blocking. It is a pity that government authorities of the Central Asia countries do not understand that it is practically impossible to block smth in The Internet.

A number of people who read our site through the proksi - servers or other programs is a half of all our readers.  

We always give our readers the alternative ways to get access to our site. For example they can read it through Facebook or Google Reader.

E.M.: Politicians of Kyrgyzstan and other countries accused Fergada of being aimed at setting undermining or destabilization of the situation in the region. What do you think about this?

D.K.: Everybody, even parliament deputies have their own opinion. But it would be better if the decision to block sites is procedurally correct. After blocking our site (6 month ago) we were trying to explain to the authorities of Kyrgyzstan that this measures are illegal and if they want to block us than the general prosecutors should take a legal action. Then a court based on some expertize should proves that the site contradicts the extremism law and only after this they have the right to block it.

But for some unknown reasons our site was blocked without the court decision. So that is why we applied to the Bishkek inter-regional court.


So today Kyrgyzstan will have an interesting issue against blocking that can  shows the situation in the country (and what the society and a court think about unconditioned censorship in the Internet - author’s example).
E.M.: Does that mean that other 3 countries of Central Asia that blocked Fergana blocked this site by the court decision?

D.K.: Of course not. The difference is that in these countries are another mechanism. It is legal there to block sites without any court decision but just after some authorities directions to the Internet providers. So Kyrgyzstan is a good way to fight legally with blocking because it is possible to apply to a court.


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On the dangers of information: the Internet has come the age of censorship

In 2012 a number of Internet users reached 2 billion 400 million people,that is more than 34% of the population. It’s popularity has reached such proportions that the web and web-pages, even had its own Catholic patron (though still unofficially) Isidore of Seville. Television, that has always been an effective tool of propaganda, gradually losing its viewers, confusing the Web. It is logical that the Internet can not attract the attention of officials responsible for the supply of the "right" information.
Leaders in the of Internet censorship spreading are China and a number of Islamic countries. Arab countries like Pakistan and Iran, as a rule block sites for religious reasons.

The PRC government, in turn, openly "protects" citizens from unwanted information. In China, the system of "Golden Shield" ("China's great firewall"), according to which all sites are filtered by keywords, "the State Security" also in the blacklist of web-pages. With significant restrictions in China started its work the major search engines Google and Yahoo, and all the Chinese sites must be registered with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Victim of such an information policy was "Wikipedia", which was banned in China under the pretext of "combating propaganda of violence in the media".

In addition, the Chinese segment of the Internet operates "Umaodan" - grouping, consisting of about 300 thousand bloggers and forum users who express a positive view of the government of China, the Chinese Communist Party and ongoing public policy. Informal name for the virtual party comes from the word "Mao" - the monetary measures is half yuan (about 2.5 rubles.).So much for the bloggers get one positive comment on the activities of the state.

However, the government of China is not limited to virtual methods. In 2011 The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) has published a report that described the increasing pressure on Chinese journalists above the "Arab Spring." The protests in countries where there were coups, began with the organization of demonstrations in social networks, so the events of the "Arab Spring" is often called "the revolution through Facebook". The Chinese authorities have reacted very badly on the calls for a "Chinese Jasmine Revolution", which appeared in the Internet. Many journalists, bloggers, human rights, culture and civil society activists have been illegally detained and tortured.

Eg Chinese brothers decided to follow the regime of Vladimir Putin on 1 September 2012 force of law "On the protection of children from harmful to their health and development information". The document signed by the former President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev in July 2011 aims to protect children from the devastating, traumatic information that influence on their psyche, an overabundance of cruelty and violence in popular media sources. The document also includes the protection of the child from information that could develop his vicious propensities and form a "distorted view of the world and the wrong attitudes."

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Tajikistan wants to introduce Internet censorship

The Government of Tajikistan plans to create a single point of monitoring IP-networks, which will be required to connect all of the network provider, reported "Interfax".

According to them, there is already a draft resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers, involving the creation of Tajiktelecom center.

"The purpose of this center is to ensure compliance with the requirements of laws, information security, prevention of violations of the rights of individuals and legal entities, preventing cases of low-quality services", - quoted the draft resolution of one of the sources.

In particular, it is expected that the establishment of this center will facilitate the execution of the laws of the Republic "On Information", "Protection of Information", "On Copyright and Related Rights," "On inventions", the concept of information security, information security programs and other regulations in Tajikistan. How the center is going to control the execution of the act, the sources could not explain.

"While there are consultations, we interviewed industry experts, exploring the need for such a body, but it goes to the fact that it will still be created", - said one of the sources.

In 2006 and 2009, the Ministry of Communications of Tajikistan proposes creating a single switching center through which you will have to connect all the Tajik ISPs. However, after discussion, the government abandoned the idea.

The head of the Association of Tajikistan Internet Providers Asomuddin Atoev told reporters that this body would infringe several legal aspects. "Creation of the conflict with the legislation of the country, in particular, the law" On the partnership between the state and the private sector ", a competition law and other legislations of Tajikistan," - said A.Atoev. According to him, the Centre "will lead to a weakening of information and economic security and the denial of rights of legal entities and individuals".

Tajik authorities often use the blocking of Internet resources for what often follows concerns expressed by Western diplomats and the OSCE. In March of this year for a few days was blocked social network Facebook. Currently in Tajikistan remain blocked sites of a Russian news agencies, news channel "Russia 24" (www.vesti.ru), news agency "Fergana" (fergananews.com), as well as a number of websites that specialize in placing critical materials existing authorities of Tajikistan.

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Tightened Internet censorship. In the U.S.

Recently, the U.S. government has more control over the content of Internet communications. It is stated in the report about the "situation with human rights in the U.S." whichhab been issued by the Russian Foreign Ministryon on October 23.

The ministry said that censorship in the U.S. Internet segment is how to use the law hrough the pressure on companies "that are responsible for the web content."

As an illustration of the first method is the Law "On Protection of Children in the Internet" (Children Internet Protection Act, 2000), who in exchange for the grant of access to the Internet requires schools and libraries to create filters to block certain pages. In addition, the claim in the Foreign Ministry, the U.S. government under the threat of prosecution "pushes" the removal of the web pages of "undesirable" information. "

According to Lenta.ru, the report mentions the bill under consideration in Congress, "the exchange and protection of intelligence information about cyberthreats" ("Cyber ​​Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act"), which, according to the authors, provide the government with virtually unlimited opportunities to monitor Internet activity private persons.

Americans expressing views on the Internet that do not coincide with the traditional ideology, risk being ostracized or even losing their jobs, are summarized in the Foreign Ministry. In addition, the Ministry stated that the U.S. has used the Internet to "propaganda war".
The report was read out by the State Duma on October 22 in the course of hearings on "issues of human rights by the United States of America." It was noted that the proceedings are confined to the presidential elections to be held in the U.S. on November 6.

Meanwhile, on November 1 in Russia comes into the Federal Law № 139, in which the country will establish a register of sites with prohibited content. A number of representatives of major Internet companies have stated that the law was drafted without consulting the industry and that it may be a prerequisite for the introduction of censorship in RuNet. Meanwhile, according to a recent poll, censorship on the web supported by almost two-thirds of Russians.

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